West Coast Mainline Modernisation. Project Analysis Essay

West Coast Mainline Modernisation. Venture Analysis - Essay Example The different transportation offices and foundation that are created in the process are streets, extensions, rails and different offices that guide in versatility and access. These advancements are done in stage or per venture premise that finds out explicit final products utilizing venture the board. Venture Management is already an administration theory that before long advanced into a business procedure (Kerzner, 2009). It includes arranging, sorting out, making sure about and overseeing assets to accomplish objectives. It is to be comprehended that an undertaking has its particular beginning and finishing, and is reliant on schedule, financial plan or subsidizing, and expectations. It is generally expected to bring positive or helpful outcomes. Its brief nature make it extraordinary from business tasks which is a consistent one or to some degree lasting in the conveyance of items or administrations. This paper will talk about and break down a rail industry venture †the West Coast Main Line Modernisation - and portray the undertaking the executives issues experienced in this task finishing. In the undertaking execution of a rail, different administration stages included are Output Definition, Pre-Feasibility, Option Selection, Single Option Development, Detailed Design, Construction, Testing and Commissioning, Scheme Handback and Project Close Out (Network Rail, 2003). †¢ A short portrayal of your picked venture. The West Coast Main Line or WCML is the rail spine of United Kingdom with regards to significance and number of populaces served. It experienced a few modernisation stages and the most recent of which was the Network Rail modernisation that initiated by the 1990s. Plans for the redesign and reestablishment of the line by Virgin Trains for the inclining Pendolino trains with sped up 140 mph or 225 km/h was prematurely ended when regarded goal-oriented. The proposed redesign included the appropriation of the moving square flagging which work ed with light rail frameworks and metro lines, however not yet demonstrated with fast substantial rail arrange (Office of Rail Regulation, 2007). Possessed by Network Rail, WCML is the busiest blended traffic railroad course supplier, an intercity interface associating London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow toward the West Midlands, North West, North Wales, and the Central Belt of Scotland. Taking care of around 75 million travelers for each annum meant about 43% of UK’s rail cargo traffic, it is likewise interfaces numerous other littler towns and urban areas filling in as a rural railroad. The different administrators of the WCML are Virgin Trains, East Coast, London Midland, Southern, CrossCountry, First TransPennine Express, Northern Rail, Arriva Trains Wales, First ScotRail, DB Schenker Rail (UK), GB Railfreight, Freightliner Ltd., and Direct Rail Services Ltd (Network Rail, 2007). It was assigned a need Trans-European Networks course. It associates with E uropean terrain by means of the Channel Tunnel. In 1955, it was modernized and jolted executed in stages from 1959 to 1974. Charge was first actualized on the course from Crewe to Manchester finished by 1960, trailed by Crewe to Liverpool by 1962, London by 1965, Birmingham by 1967, and Weaver Junction to Glasgow by 1974. The presentation of the Inter-City brand in 1966 accompanied fast significant distance administrations where excursion checked in 2 hours and a short ways from London to Manchester or Liverpool (Thomas, 1971). Current mentors followed with the Mark 2 and cooled Mark 3, and soon linespeed was raised to 110 mph or 177 km/h with electric trains that multiplied traveler traffic from 1962 to 1975 (British Railways

How to Write an Essay on Topics You Have Chosen

How to Write an Essay on Topics You Have ChosenYou have just finished selecting topics for your essay and you can now move on to the process of writing an essay of at least 200 words discussing the topics you selected. Some may say that it is difficult to do, but don't worry, it's actually not so difficult. It just takes some time and commitment to ensure that you have a well written essay of at least 200 words discussing the topics you selected.With the many hundreds of possibilities that are available to you, you need to take advantage of the wide variety of topics available for discussion. This will make it possible for you to select a topic that interests you and it will also make it possible for you to discuss the topic in a very interesting manner.Some people do find it difficult to write an essay. They usually find it difficult to make the time to sit down and write an essay and it can be frustrating. But don't fret, because there are other options that are available for you i f you are having difficulty. There are several writing techniques that you can use to help you with the process of writing an essay.You can also use an essay writing software program to help you write your essay. You can use this software to help you organize the information that you have been able to gather through your research. Through this software, you will be able to write an essay quickly, which will enable you to make time to write an essay.If you have not yet spent any time creating a writing plan, it is time to begin thinking about what kind of information you would like to include on a particular topic. Think about the topics that interest you and that you feel are important to consider. After you have created a writing plan, you can use this writing plan to help you write an essay.Once you have finalized the topics that you want to include in your essay, you can make some preparations that will help you write an essay. The first thing that you should do is get some extra paper and a pen or pencil. You will need these supplies for the assignment that you are about to complete.In order to help you during your preparation for your assignment, you can download an essay outline that can give you ideas and guidance as you prepare for your specific topic. These outlines will provide you with great ideas as you decide on topics that you will discuss. When you are ready to start writing, you will have a guide that you can follow to help you produce a great essay.When you are ready to begin writing, you can use a research management system that can help you with your topic. Many of these systems come with free templates that you can use to help you with the process of writing an essay. These templates will help you with your project and will assist you in making it easier for you to write an essay of at least 200 words discussing the topics you selected. As you begin to write, you will find that your research skills will improve and you will be able to produ ce a great essay.

Input And Output Devices Of A Computer Essay

The terms â€Å"input† and â€Å"output† are utilized both as: action words to depict the way toward entering/showing the information. things alluding to the information itself went into/showed by the PC. Info Devices Info gadgets are important to change over data or information in to a structure which can be comprehended by the PC. A decent information gadget ought to give opportune, precise and helpful information to the principle memory of the PC for preparing. Console Console is the standard information gadget appended to all PCs. The design of a console is much the same as the customary typewriter of the sort QWERTY. It additionally contains some additional order keys and capacity keys. It contains an aggregate of 101 to 104 keys. You need to press right mix of keys to include information. The PC can perceive the electrical signs relating to the right key blend and handling is done in like manner. The PC console is utilized to enter content data into the PC. The console can likewise be utilized to type orders guiding the PC to play out specific activities. Orders are commonly looked over an on-screen menu utilizing a mouse, however there are regularly console alternate routes for providing these equivalent orders. consoles ordinarily have a numeric keypad, a bank of altering keys, and a column of capacity keys along the top. PCs have space for enormous consoles. they incorporate a â€Å"fn† key so different keys can perform twofold obligation. Most consoles join to the PC by means of a PS/2 connector or USB port. Pointing Devices The graphical UIs (GUIs) being used today requires a gadget for situating the on-screen cursor. Average pointing gadgets are: mouse, trackball, contact cushion, trackpoint, illustrations tablet, joystick, contact screen. Pointing gadgets are associated with a PC by means of a sequential ports (old), PS/2 mouse port (more up to date), or USB port (most current). Mouse A mouse is an information gadget that is utilized on PC. It moves on a little ball and has a few fastens on the top. At the point when moved over a level surface the screen blue pencils the mouse moves toward mouse development. In more established mice, a ball in the base of the mouse moves on a superficial level as it moves. inner rollers sense the ball development and transmit the data to the PC by means of the string of the mouse. The more up to date optical mouse utilizes a light and a little optical sensor to distinguish the movement of the mouse by following a minor picture of the work area surface. Optical mice keep away from the issue of grimy mouse ball, which makes standard mice roll unsmooth. A cordless or remote mouse speaks with the PC by means of radio waves. such mice need inward batteries. A mouse additionally incorporates at least one catches (and perhaps a parchment wheel) to permit clients to connect with the GUI. The customary PC mouse has two catches, while the conventional Macintosh mouse has one catch. On either kind of PC you can likewise utilize mice with at least three catches and a little parchment wheel. Contact cushion Most PCs a touch cushion pointing gadget.  Moving the on-screen cursor is finished by sliding a finger along the outside of the touch cushion. The catches are situated beneath the cushion, however most touch cushions permit you to perform â€Å"mouse clicks† by tapping on the cushion itself. Contact cushions have the preferred position over mice that they occupy considerably less space to utilize. They have the bit of leeway over trackballs that there are no moving parts to get messy and bring about nervous cursor control. Trackpoint Some sub-scratch pad PCs, which need space for even a touch cushion, join a trackpoint. a little elastic projection inserted between the keys of the console. The trackpoint demonstrations like a little joystick that can be utilized to control the situation of the on-screen cursor. Trackball Trackball is similar to a topsy turvy mouse, with the ball situated on top. An is fingers is utilized to roll the trackball, and interior rollers sense the movement which is transmitted to the PC. Trackballs have the preferred position over mice in that the body of the trackball stays fixed on a work area, so much room isn't expected to utilize the trackball. Early PCs utilized trackballs. Contact screen A few PCs, particularly little hand-held PDAs, have contact touchy showcase screens. The client can settle on decisions and press button pictures on the screen. Pointer is regularly utilized, which you hold like a pen, to â€Å"write† on the outside of a little touch screen. Designs tablet A designs tablet comprises of an electronic composing region and an extraordinary â€Å"pen† that works with it. A designs tablet permits specialists to make graphicalâ images with movements and activities like utilizing progressively conventional drawing instruments. Joysticks Joysticks and other game controllers can likewise be associated with a PC as pointing gadgets. They are commonly utilized for messing around, and not for controlling the on-screen cursor in profitability programming. Scanners A scanner is a gadget that pictures a printed page or illustrations by digitizing it, delivering a picture made of small pixels of various splendor and shading esteems which are spoken to numerically and sent to the PC. Scanners examine designs and pages of content which are then gone through OCR (Optical Character Recognition) programming that distinguishes the individual letter shapes and makes a book document of the page’s substance. The basic optical scanner gadgets are: Attractive Ink Character Recognition (MICR), Optical Mark Reader (OMR) , Optical Character Reader (OCR). Attractive Ink Character Recognition (MICR) This is broadly utilized by banks to process enormous volumes of checks and drafts. Checks are put inside the MICR, as they enter the understanding unit, the checks go through the attractive field which makes the read head perceive the character of the checks. Optical Mark Reader (OMR) This strategy is utilized when understudies have showed up in target type tests and they needed to check their answer by obscuring a square or roundabout space by pencil. These answer sheets are straightforwardly taken care of to a PC for gradingâ where OMR is utilized. Optical Character Recognition (OCR): This strategy joins the immediate perusing of any printed character. Assume you have a lot of written by hand characters on a bit of paper. You put it inside the scanner of the PC. This example is contrasted and a site of examples put away inside the PC. Whichever example is coordinated is known as a character read. Examples that can't be recognized are dismissed. Mouthpiece A mouthpiece is appended to a PC to record sound. The sound is digitized and put away in the PC to later preparing and playback. MIDI Devices MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a framework intended to transmit data between electronic instruments. A MIDI melodic console can be joined to a PC and permit an entertainer to play music that is caught by the PC framework as an arrangement of notes with the related planning. Yield Devices Visual Display Unit (VDU) The most famous yield gadget is the VDU. The VDU is likewise called screen. Screen is utilized to show the information and to get messages from the PC. It has its own container which is isolated from the fundamental PC framework and is associated with the PC by a link. In certain frameworks it is conservative with the framework unit. It tends to be shading or monochrome. CRT Monitor Conventional yield gadget of a PC has been the CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) screen. It contains an enormous cathode beam tube that utilizes an electron light emission solidarity to â€Å"paint† an image onto the shading luminous specks within the screen. CRT screens are overwhelming and utilize more electrical force than level board shows. CRT are favored by some visual craftsmen for their precise shading version, and favored by some gamers for quicker reaction to quickly evolving illustrations. Screen size is estimated askew over the screen, in inches. Not the entirety of the screen territory might be usable for picture show, so the visible region is likewise determined. The goals of the screen is the greatest number of pixels it can show on a level plane and vertically, (for example, 800 x 600, or 1024 x 768, or 1600 x 1200). Most screens can show a few goals beneath its greatest setting. Pixels (Picture Elements) are the little dabs that make the picture showed on the screen. The dividing of the screen’s minor phosphor specks is known as the spot pitch (dp), normally .28 or .26 (estimated in millimeters). A screen with a littler spot pitch produces more honed pictures. PC must deliver a video signal that a screen can show. This might be dealt with by hardware on the motherboard, however is generally taken care of by a video card in one of the computer’s extension spaces; frequently the opening is a unique one devoted to video use, for example, an AGP space (Accelerated Graphics Port). Video cards are additionally called video show connectors, and illustrations cards. Numerous video cards contain separate processors and committed video memory for creating complex designs rapidly without troubling the CPU. Level Panel Monitor A level board show generally utilizes a LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen to show yield from the PC. The LCD comprises of a few dainty layers that enrapture the light going through them. The polarization of oneâ layer, containing long flimsy particles called fluid precious stones, can be controlled electronically at every pixel, blocking fluctuating measures of the light to make a pixel lighter or darker. Different kinds of level board innovation exist, (for example, plasma shows) however LCDs are most generally utilized in PCs, particularly PCs. More seasoned LCDs had moderate reaction times and low difference, however dynamic grid LCD screens have a straightforward meager film transistor (TFT) controlling every pixel, so reaction, complexity, and survey edge are significantly better. Level board shows are a lot lighter and less massive than CRT screens.

Indias National Stock Exchange - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2086 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER-2 INDUSTRY AND COMPANY PROFILE Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indias National Stock Exchange" essay for you Create order 2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE Indian financial market consists of two markets i.e., money market and capital market. Money market is mainly to meet the short-term needs and capital market for long term needs. 2.1.1 CAPTAL MARKET AND ITS STRUCTURE Capital market is a financial market, which provides and facilitates an orderly exchange of long term needs. The capital market in India is classified into 1. Primary market 2. Secondary market The primary market deals with the issue of new long term securities. Where as the secondary market deals with buying and selling of old or existing securities, which are already listed in the official trading list of recognized stock exchange. Players of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Issue Marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are, among them the most important players are: Merchant bankers. Registrars. Collecting and coordinating bankers. Underwriters and broker. 2.1.2 ABOUT NSE The National Stock Exchange is Indias leading stock exchange. National Stock Exchange was set up by the leading institutions to provide a fully automated screen-based trading system. The Stock Exchange has brought transparency, efficiency, safety and market integrity. The set up facilitates as a model to serve securities industry in terms of systems, practices and procedures. NSE has played a catalytic role in reforming Indian securities market in terms of microstructure, market practices and trading volumes. Today the market uses information technology to provide transparent and efficient trading, clearing and settlement mechanism, and has several innovations in products services such as screen based trading, compression of settlement cycles, dematerialization and electronic transfer of securities, securities lending and borrowing, professionalization of trading members, market of debt and derivative instruments. The NSE of India Limited has created a report on the Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended a promotion of National Stock Exchange (NSE) by financial institutions to provide access to investors all over the country. NSE was promoted by the leading Financial Institutions (FIs) at the directive of the GOI was incorporated in the year 1992 as tax-paying company in the country. Its recognition as a stock exchange (SE) under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in the year 1993, NSE started its operations in Wholesale Debt Market segment in the year 1994. The Capital Market segment started operations in the year 1994 and Derivatives segment started operations in the year 2000. 2.1.3 MISSION OF NSE NSEs mission is setting the agenda for the change in the securities markets in India. OBJECTIVES OF NSE The main objectives of NSE are: Establishment of a nation wide trading facilities for equities and debt instruments. To ensure and provide equal access to investors all across the country through communication network. To provide efficient and transparent securities market to investors by using e-trading systems. To enable book entry settlements systems, shorter settlement cycles, and NSE meeting the current international standards of securities market. The standards that are set by the NSE in terms of market practices has now become industry benchmarks and is also being practiced by other market participants. It is that force which guides the industry towards new horizons and great opportunities. 2.1.4 PROMOTERS NSE has been promoted by leading banks, financial institutions, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries: Industrial Finance Corporation of India Limited. Industrial Development Bank of India Limited. Life Insurance Corporation of India. State Bank of India. ICICI Bank Limited. Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited. IL FS Trust Company Limited. SBI Capital Markets Limited. Bank of Baroda. Canara Bank. General Insurance Corporation of India. National Insurance Company Limited. The New India Assurance Company Limited. United India Insurance Company Limited. The Oriental Insurance Company Limited. Oriental Bank of Commerce. Punjab National Bank. Indian Bank. Corporation Bank. Union Bank of India. 2.1.5 CORPORATE STRUCTURE NSE is one of the first de-metalized stock exchanges in the country, the ownership and management of the Exchange is completely divorced from the right to trade on it. Though the momentum for its establishment made by the policy makers in the country, it has been set up as a public limited company and owned by the leading institutional investors in the country. NSE has adopted a demutualised exchange in which the ownership, management and trading will be in the hands of three different sets of people. NSE is owned by a set of leading financial institutions, insurance companies, banks and other financial intermediaries and it is managed by professionals, who do not directly or indirectly trade on the Exchange. This method has completely eliminated conflict of interest and helped NSE in pursuing policies and practices within a public interest framework. Its Board comprises of senior executives from promoter institutions, professionals in the fields of law, economics, accountancy, finance, taxation, etc, public representatives, nominees of SEBI and one full time executive of the Exchange. The Board deals with broad policy issues, decisions relating to market operations are delegated by the Board to various committees constituted by it. Such committees include representatives from trading members, professionals, the public and the management. The day-to-day management of the Exchange is delegated to the Managing Director who is supported by a team of professional staff. 2.1.6 COMMITTEES The Exchange has constituted various committees to advise it on areas such as good market practices, risk containment systems, settlement procedures etc. These committees are manned by industry professionals, trading members, Exchange staff as also representatives from the market regulator. Executive Committee. Committee on Trade Related Issues (COTI). Advisory Committee Listing of Securities Executive Committee: Objective: To manage the day-to-day operations of the Exchange Composition. Committee on Trade Related Issues (COTI): Objective: To provide guidance on trade related issues which crop up during the day-to-day functioning of the Exchange Composition. Advisory Committee Listing of Securities: Objective: To advise NSE on The suitability of the Companies for listing on the Exchange within the parameters set out by the listing agreement. To ensure that the applicant company has complied with all the conditions set out in the listing agreement as well as other formalities, SEBI regulations, etc. Systems and procedures to be adopted for listing of securities 2.1.7 ABOUT BSE Bombay Stock Exchange Limited is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. Popularly known as BSE, it was established as The Native Share Stock Brokers Association in 1875. It is the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in the year 1956 from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956.The Exchanges has an important role in the development of the Indian capital market is widely recognized and its index, SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. Earlier an Association of Persons (AOP), the Exchange is now a demutualised and corporatized entity incorporated in the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE (Corporatization and Demutualization) Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). With demutualization, the trading rights and ownership rights have been de-linked effectively addressing concerns regarding perceived and real conflicts of interest. The Exchange is professionally managed under the overall direction of the Board of Directors. The Board comprises eminent professionals, representatives of Trading Members and the Managing Director of the Exchange. The Board is inclusive and is designed to benefit from the participation of market intermediaries. In terms of organization structure, the Board formulates larger policy issues and exercises over-all control. The committees constituted by the Board are broad-based. The day-to-day operations of the Exchange are managed by t he Managing Director and a management team of professionals. The Exchange has a nation wide reach with their presence in 417 cities and towns of India. The systems and processes of the Exchange are designed to safeguard market integrity and enhance transparency in operations. During the year 2004-2005, the trading volumes on the Exchange showed robust growth. The BSEs On Line Trading System (BOLT) is a proprietary system of the Exchange and is BS 7799-2-2002 certified. The surveillance and clearing settlement functions of the Exchange are ISO 9001:2000 certified. LISTING OF SECURITIES Listing means admission of the securities to dealings on a recognized stock exchange. The securities may be of any public limited company, Central or State Government, quasigovernmental and other financial institutions/corporations, municipalities, etc. The objectives of listing are mainly to: Provide liquidity to securities. Mobilize savings for economic development. Protect interest of investors by ensuring full disclosures. The Exchange has a separate Listing Department to grant approval for listing of securities of companies in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, Securities Contracts (Regulation) Rules, 1957, Companies Act, 1956, Guidelines issued by SEBI and Rules, Bye-laws and Regulations of the Exchange. A company intending to have its securities listed on the Exchange has to comply with the listing requirements prescribed by the Exchange. Some of the requirements are as under: 1. Minimum Listing Requirements for new companies. 2. Minimum Requirements for companies delisted by this Exchange seeking relisting of this Exchange. 3. Minimum Requirements for companies delisted by this Exchange seeking relisting of this Exchange. 4. Permission to use the name of the Exchange in an Issuer Companys prospectus. 5. Submission of Letter of Application. 6. Allotment of Securities. 7. Trading Permission. 8. Requirement of 1% Security. 9. Payment of Listing Fees. 10. Compliance with Listing Agreement. 11. Z Group. 12. Cash Management Services (CMS) Collection of Listing Fees. The Cheque should be drawn in favour of Bombay Stock Exchange Limited , and should be payable, locally .Companies are requested to mention in the deposit slip, the financial year(s) for which listing fee is being paid. Payment made through any other slips would not be considered. The above slips will have to be filled in quadruplicate. One acknowledged copy would be provided to the depositor by the HDFC Bank. COMPANY PROFILE AnandRathi is a leading full service securities firm providing the entire geometry of financial services. The firm, founded in 1994 by Mr. AnandRathi, today has a pan India presence as well as an international presence through offices in Dubai and Bangkok. AR provides a breadth of financial and advisory services including wealth management, investment banking, corporate advisory, brokerage distribution of equities, commodities, mutual funds and insurance, structured products all of which are supported by powerful research teams. The firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s philosophy is entirely client centric, with a clear focus on providing long term value to clients, while maintaining the highest standards of excellence, ethics and professionalism. The entire firm activities are divided across distinct client groups: Individuals, Private clients, Corporate and Institutions and was recently ranked by Asia money 2006 poll amongst South Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wealth managers for the ultra-rich. Equity Derivatives Brokerage AnandRathi provides end-to-end equity solutions to institutional and individual investors. Consistent delivery of high quality advice on individual stocks, sectors trends and investment strategy has established us a competent and reliable research unit across the country. AnandRathi Securities Pvt., Ltd., a full service securities firm, provides a range of financial services. It offers brokerage services in equities and commodities, distribution of mutual funds, IPOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and insurance products, real estate, investment banking, merger and acquisitions, corporate finance, and corporate advisory. AnandRathi Securities Limited was formerly known as AnandRathi Securities Pvt., Ltd. and changed its name to AnandRathi Securities Limited in 2006. The company was founded in 1994 and is based in Mumbai, India. AR Core Strengths Breadth of Services In line with its client centric philosophy, the firm offers to its clients the entire spectrum of financial services ranging from brokerage services in equities and commodities, distribution of mutual funds, IPOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and insurance products, real estate, investment banking, merger and acquisitions, corporate finance and corporate advisory. Clients deal with a relationship manager who leverages and brings together the product specialists from across the firm to create an optimum solution to the client needs. AR brings together a highly professional core management team that comprises of individuals with extensive business as well as industry experience. In-Depth Research Our research expertise is at the core of the value proposition that we offer to our clients. Research teams across the firm continuously track various markets and products. The aim is however common to go far deeper than others, to deliver incisive insights and ideas and be accountable for results. Management Team Board of Directors AnandRathi, Founder Chairman A gold medalist Chartered Accountant and former President Bombay Stock Exchange. Key Executives of the Birla Group. The driving force behind the setting up of the Birla Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Cement and Financial Services business among others. And in the setting up of the online trading system and the Central Depository Services Ltd in India. With over 40 years in the industry. Pradeep Gupta,Co-founder Vice chairman Amit Rathi,Managing Director P G Kakodkar,Director Dr. S A DaveDirector C D ArhaDirector Ajit BhushanDirector

Blue Crab Facts

The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is known for its color and delicious flavor. The crabs scientific name means savory beautiful swimmer. While blue crabs do have sapphire blue claws, their bodies are usually duller in color. Fast Facts: Blue Crab Scientific Name: Callinectes sapidusCommon Names: Blue crab, Atlantic blue crab, Chesapeake blue crabBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 4 inches long, 9 inches wideWeight: 1-2 poundsLifespan: 1-4 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Atlantic coast, but introduced elsewherePopulation: DecreasingConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Like other decapods, blue crabs have 10 legs. However, their hind legs are paddle-shaped, making blue crabs excellent swimmers. Blue crabs have blue legs and claws and olive to grayish blue bodies. The color comes mainly from the blue pigment alpha-crustacyanin and the red pigment astaxanthin. When blue crabs are cooked, heat deactivates the blue pigment and turns the crab red. Mature crabs are about 9 inches wide, 4 inches long, and weigh one to two pounds. Blue crabs are sexually dimorphic. Males are slightly larger than females and have bright blue claws. Females have red-tipped claws. If the crab is flipped over, the shape of the folded surface of the belly (the apron) reveals the animals approximate age and sex. Male aprons are t-shaped or resemble the Washington Monument. Mature female aprons are rounded and resemble the United States Capitol building. Immature female aprons are triangular in shape. The male blue crab apron resembles the Washington Monument. drbimages / Getty Images Habitat and Range Blue crabs are native to the western Atlantic coast, ranging from Nova Scotia to Argentina. During their larval stages, they live offshore in high-salinity water and move into marshes, seagrass beds, and estuaries as they mature. Crabs traveling in ship ballast water have led to the species introduction to the Black, North, Mediterranean, and Baltic Seas. It is now relatively common along European and Japanese coasts. Diet and Behavior Blue crabs are omnivores. They feed on plants, algae, clams, mussels, snails, live or dead fish, other crabs (including smaller members of their own species), and detritus. Reproduction and Offspring Mating and spawning occur separately. Mating occurs in brackish water during warm months between May and October. Mature males molt and mate with multiple females over their lifespan, while each female undergoes a single molt into her mature form and only mates once. As she nears the molt, a male defends her against threats and other males. Insemination occurs after the female molts, providing her with spermatophores for a year of spawning. The male continues to guard her until her shell hardens. While mature males remain in brackish water, females migrate to high salinity water to spawn. Spawning occurs twice a year in some areas and year-round in others. The female holds her eggs in a spongy mass on her swimmerets and travels to the mouth of an estuary to release hatching larvae, which are carried away by the current and tides. Initially, the egg mass is orange, but it darkens to black as hatching nears. Each brood may contain 2 million eggs. The larvae or zoea grow and molt over 25 times before maturing and returning to estuaries and salt marshes to breed. In warm water, crabs reach maturity in 12 months. In cooler water, maturity takes up to 18 months. The blue crab lifespan ranges between 1 and 4 years. Female blue crabs carry eggs on their swimmerets. Â  chonsatta / Getty Images Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not evaluated the blue crab for a conservation status. Once abundant, fisheries report a severe decline in population numbers. However, state management plans are in place over much of the crabs native range. In 2012, Louisiana became the first sustainable blue crab fishery. Threats Blue crab populations naturally fluctuate, mainly in response to temperature and weather conditions. The continuing decline may be due to a combination of threats, which include disease, overharvesting, climate change, pollution, and habitat degradation. Blue Crabs and Humans Blue crabs are commercially important along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Overfishing of blue crabs significantly affects populations of fish that depend on their larvae for food and has other negative effects on the aquatic ecosystem. Sources Brockerhoff, A. and C. McLay. Human-mediated spread of alien crabs. In Galil, Bella S.; Clark, Paul F.; Carlton, James T. (eds.). In the Wrong Place – Alien Marine Crustaceans: Distribution, Biology and Impacts. Invading Nature. 6. Springer. 2011. ISBN 978-94-007-0590-6.Kennedy, Victor S.; Cronin, L. Eugene. The Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus. College Park, Md.: Maryland Sea Grant College. 2007. ISBN 978-0943676678.Perry, H.M. The blue crab fishery in Mississippi. Gulf Research Reports. 5 (1): 39–57, 1975.Williams, A. B. The Swimming Crabs of the Genus Callinectes (Decapoda: Portunidae). Fishery Bulletin. 72 (3): 685–692, 1974.

The Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco - 1497 Words

Tobacco; one of the most profitable products in history, an addictive substance, and a deadly killer. Smoking tobacco used to be a thing that was endorsed in American society. Now, with the new medical advances and knowledge, society has seen the side effects of smoking and how fatal it actually is. Teenagers have been one of the largest age groups that have been affected by smoking. After analyzing all possible reasons as to why teenagers would smoke while knowing it can affect their health, three possible reasons stuck out the most. Teenagers smoke despite knowing the health problems that originate from smoking because of peer pressure, an â€Å"invincibility† mentality, and seeing a role model or family member smoke. One factor that leads†¦show more content†¦The author Rachel Kranz in â€Å"Straight Talk About Smoking,’ states, â€Å"Smoking more means that Lynette has less to spend on pizza and after-school snacks, because she’s got to make sure s he can afford three or four packs of cigarettes each week.† (Kranz). Peer pressure to smoke can also be a way of teenagers proving that they are mature. Maturity is something that all teenagers have been told to obtain; especially by adults. The legal smoking age in most states is twenty-one, and most adults do smoke. Teenagers think that they can feel more grown up when they smoke and fit in society. Kaz Vorpal in the book of â€Å"Teen Smoking,’† states, â€Å"Adults do certain things, and therefore children who do those things feel they are more like grownups.† (Vorpal 66). Movies also contributes to teen smoking by portraying smoking as a cool, pleasurable, and harmless thing. All these factors give the teen a pressure to start smoking and never realize that the Nicotine that is found in the cigarette is addictive and causes major health problems like cancer. Another factor that leads teens to smoke without worrying about future health problems is their mentality of being â€Å"invincible.† They think that they will never get sick or that they should not be worrying about an illness that could happen so many years in the future. Studies have shown that this way of thinking is extremely harmful and isShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco Smoking1547 Words   |  7 PagesDISCUSSION Since you cannot tackle what you are unaware of, the first step in decreasing tobacco smoking is to identify who the smokers are. These could be potential or current users of tobacco and tobacco products or people who are affected by environmental smoke also known as secondhand smoke. 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Nicotine is one of these chemicals in tobacco, which makes its user addicted to it. Also, Nicotine can affect the human body by speeding up the nervous system. Smokers feel more energized due to smoking tobacco. When people try to quit smoking, they experience the withdrawal effect. Many health problems are associated with smoking due to the fact that it alters how the body is working. There are about 480,000 deaths related to smoking every yearRead MoreShould Tobacco Advertising Be Banned?897 Words   |  4 Pageshealth hazard that arises from tobacco, I am of the opinion that tobacco advertising be ban completely in Indian. Ethics is a system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct of a person or a group. It is a way of being human and having a feeling of compassion, sympathy or regard for others the way we have for ourselves. There is this famous saying of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion.† Managers of tobacco companies cannot pretend theyRead MoreShould Tobacco Advertising Be Banned? Essay897 Words   |  4 Pageshealth hazard that arises from tobacco, I am of the opinion that tobacco advertising be ban completely in Indian. Ethics is a system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct of a person or a group. It is a way of being human and having a feeling of compassion, sympathy or regard for others the way we have for ourselves. There is this famous saying of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion.† Managers of tobacco companies cannot pretend they

Business Process Management Architectures - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Process Management Enterprise Architectures. Answer: Introduction Business process architecture includes a blueprint for the organization that help analyse the strategic objectives as against the demands that are put across(Weske, 2012). Business architecture enables development of a bridge in the enterprise model as against the various functionalities to include the diversified range of aspects that is catered to by the organization goals. Thus, this structure incorporates operational, motivational as well as analytical frameworks that can help extend a competitive structure. The scope of the current business report is for a medium sized business located in Brisbane in Queensland that has approximately between 20 to 200 employees. There are 7 formal functional departments within the organization. The business provides entertainment packages to clients and also refunds them in case they are not satisfied with their services(Jeston, 2014). Though the business was functioning well but recent trends depicts a downward trend that might be due to global financial crisis. The business architecture provided will allow the business to come outside the purview of this challenge faced and overcome the situation. The report highlights the importance of business process architecture to this client by identifying potential process solutions. The implementation aspects of such business processes in enhancing effectiveness of the client organization and certain recommendations are encompassed in the discussion(Ko, 2009). The recreational business of the firm had been operating in a good manner experiencing growth however recent trends have been depicts various challenges of the business. The organization has several departments consisting of operations, human resources, procurement, sales, accounting, marketing, research and development(Choi, 2008). All these separate departments is headed by the CEO of the organization, who has over 10 years of experience within the industry. Though there are separate departments and allocation of tasks and responsibilities there is a lag in knowledge and experience of each of departmental managers. Each and every departmental heads do not have adequate skills and responsibilities that can match effectiveness to the current structure present. There is a delusion of roles and responsibilities amongst managers and lag in leadership qualities that have hampered the business and caused diversions to meet its designated goals(Becker, 2013). The organization is currently experiencing immense competitive threats and pressures due to lag in professionalism and leadership qualities. It is facing immense threats from tackling issues pertaining to delivery for each departments to meet designated goals. Thus, the proposed solution is aimed at suggesting an appropriate business process architecture framework. Business Process Architecture and its effectiveness Globalization along with technological advent has led to complex structure and diversified customers as well as employee bases(Caetano, 2009). The challenges faced by current business are more complex in nature hence requires greater capabilities that require organization to adopt an integrated approach towards their businesses and customers. Thus, the relevance and importance of Business Architecture. Business architecture presents a view of the organization such that all aspects of the business can be presented in an integrated manner. A business process architecture comprises of a blueprint for the organization such that strategic initiatives can be aligned to meet its demands and goals(Muller, 2008). The scope of the current organization involves providing leisure based services to its diversified customer base, which are its goals. Thus, its vision is to satisfy client by providing appropriate packages at adequate price levels that allows to perform various functionalities. In o rder to cater to various functionalities of the business each departments needs to work in a coordinated manner and align their strategies accordingly. Business process architecture allows for capturing business strategies within its capabilities such that each and every department of the business can perform various functions(Smart, 2009). All such strategies are aligned to value streams such that knowledge is shared in a semantic manner from customers, supplier, orders and feedback as well. Within the organizational view various roles, composition and business units along with capabilities are captured in a manner such that internal and external units can be properly handled. In the business process architecture each segment of the business is well segmented to allow for strategical filtration(Ren, 2012). A business strategy is divided and sub divided into people processes and technology and the core business processes deliver such that they can meet these diversified functions. strategies are formed by taking into account customer needs and dispositions. As the scope of the current business is to deliver and cater to leisure activities, in order to be competitive it needs to understand and undertake extensive competition analysis(Schelp, 2007). Customer market research for demands of specific products can lead to understand the diminishing market share for the Company. Instead of relying on global trends of decreasing market share, market research regarding recent trends in travel and tourism can allow fruitful insights. Understanding of customer needs by marketing department will help provide relevant insights to the research team who will be able to un dertake innovation in similar lines. Then sales team can target individuals according to STP techniques. Particular Segmentation Target Positioning techniques will help achieve success and generate revenue for the purpose of the organization(Vom Brocke, 2010). Further operational team can undertake relevant tie-ups will suppliers such that overall costs reduction can be easily achieved. Suppliers and other vendors of the business can deliver cost effectiveness by Value Chain Analysis for the business. Operations can be enhanced by means of technology and process integration within the same infrastructure. Value from the business can only be derived in terms of integrated management conducted by the business. Once all relevant and separate aspects of the business is integrated then effectiveness can easily be delivered(Simon, 2014). Steady communication needs to be maintained within each aspects of the organization such that there are no conflicts and one department can work in accor dance to another department. Thus, implementation of business process architecture will allow for customer satisfaction and catering to services in a value based manner such that efficiency can be established. Gaps in Processes Accommodating in business process architecture can help get higher efficiency and management in existing goals(Pulkkinen, 2007). Business process architecture allows for integration of business higher levels strategies into the existing framework to derive values within the scopes of the business. The current organization has various gaps within its departments that can prevent from accommodating for business process architecture. Various gaps in the business processes have already been identified before. The following are some of the diagnosed gaps as ; At the top management level: Though the current CEO is managing the business for a prolonged period of years, yet there are various gaps in his skills. The CEO lacks leadership skills and strategies adopted by him in highly competitive markets are fragmented by means of differentiated terms(Kurpjuweit, 2009). The Company under his leadership has accepted external strategic influences for functioning which opens up the Company to more strategic threats. Strategic goals of the Company needs to analyse external and internal factors to capabilities to devise strategies thus, there is a gap which needs to be accommodated within the scope of the organization such that it is able to make effective strategies. At managerial levels: there are tremendous levels of gaps as well hindrances that exist at the managerial levels of the organization. Though there is departmentalization within the organization yet there prevail immense amounts of lags in capabilities of each personnel(Al-Debei, 2010). Departments within the organization consist of operations, human resources, procurement, sales, accounting, marketing and research and development. Firstly Operations manager is the only organized department within the scope of the organization, but there are frequent conflicts that they have with human resources manager. The Operations manager manages responsibilities of 10 staffs reporting directly to the CEO, handling all necessary paper works. The functionality of the operations department is lagging and as the department works efficiently it can be allocated greater responsibilities to coordinate work processes in regards to customer bookings and other work aspects(Amit, 2015). The Human Resource Departmental manager has no prior experiences in the field and has responsibilities in areas of finance. Though the department is responsible for carrying on responsibilities of recruitment, induction, HR legislative compliance, employee departures but it seldom cater to its responsibilities well. Further, there are no functionalities of the department in respect to performance appraisals and training or other pertinent aspects that can enrich employees and bring about engagement process such that they can contribute to the business architecture(Myrick, 2007). Procurement manager is highly inefficient as it is not able to cater to its responsibilities and handle supplier relationships well. Though he reports to the Sales Manager such line of authority is invalid for the current organizational scope. As procurement is not directly related to sales also there are conflicts of procurement manager with that of sales manager and operations manager. Sales manager comes with no formal degrees or education and has differences with accounting manager. Lines of authority for Sales Manager is also poorly defined, also there are various conflicts between each departments. Process Integration: Due to communication gaps existing amongst various departments and conflicts amongst them there is lack in process integration. In order to render value to customers various processes within the organization needs to be integrated and delivered value. Information needs to flow dynamically and rapidly throughout the organization such that decisions can be taken in an informed manner. BPMN Process Flow Diagram The below is a BPMN process flow diagram that includes various aspects of the business into its framework. For the purpose of catering to customer needs all departments needs to take integrated decisions and process flow has to be enhanced to increase effectiveness. The business processes includes customers one side and suppliers on the other to cater to needs and demands of its various customers. Further as revenues is generated by the sales department specific targets needs to be provided to them such that they can meet the aims and objectives for the organization. The marketing department is responsible for delivering services to customers. human resource department needs to frequently evaluate performance of employees and staffs such that they are able to increase productivity and engage in the business in a motivated manner. The role of the HR department also includes catering to job design, employee motivation and employee engagement for enhanced effectiveness to the business. There are certain business changes that are proposed for the current business process architecture. Such processes that can be integrated into the business includes Master Data, support and Management Processes. A master data will allow to integrate various concepts and data that is provided within the business. Master data will allow scope of Data analytics and formation of strategies accordingly. Support systems by a professional consultant will allow to integrate external factors and competitive strategizing for the business scope. A Management Processes needs to be followed for the entire business such that information and communication flows effectively and customer satisfaction goals are met. Management processes that needs to be included is primarily focused on professionalism aspects such that tasks are completed and conflicts are avoided. Management processes for conflicts and grievances settlement procedures needs to be followed. Solution Considerations Analyzing the scope of performance and reviewing current situation at the organization reflects that there is improper framework within the same(Van Der Aalst, 2007). The Company needs to adopt a proper Business Process Framework that allows delegation of roles and responsibilities for compliance on duties such that it can generate revenues for its business and gain customer satisfaction regarding the same. The proposed solution that involves incorporating in a Management Processes along with support system will allow to integrate separate departments and processes within the business enterprise framework and generate high amounts of impact for the same. Once the consideration has been taken into being for the scope and purpose of the business there will be immense amounts of impact that will be created. The Management Processes and support system will help attain to customers generate revenues and sales for the business. Thus, employee time will be utilized in an effective and in efficient manner(Wang, 2008). High levels of productivity within the scope of the organization will lead to generating returns on investment and creating opportunities in terms of exploring market opportunities. Generating high amounts of profits and revenues for the business according to roles will allow accommodating in risks aspects associated with the business. As travel and tourism markets often fluctuates along with a large number of competing companies there are various risks associated with the business. Business Process Architecture will help overcome the same risks of business fluctuations by designing products and services in a manner and by deli vering values accordingly. In case the business is able to adopt its processes accordingly then it will be able to extend its competencies and occupying a stable market space(Trkman, 2010). Stable sources of revenues will allow the Company to take advantage of creating a sustainable advantage in the market. Overarching Way Proposed process changes can deliver immense amounts of benefits and value addition to the business. The proposed change will allow to integrate with the clients and enable understanding their needs as against market and industry standards. In case markets are fluctuating then the Company can devise a low costs solution for the customers such that they are able to purchase services of the Company(Jung, 2007). These process changes needs to be adopted by the Company in a rapid manner by means of staff training, technological updation and system changes. The newly designed and formed technological solutions will enable the business to adopt and cater to a large and diversified numbers of customers. Further each and every staffs as well as employees has to be given knowledge and skill updation such that they are able to accommodate and apply the new systems and structures. The most important aspect of this type of change is that employee base is able to integrate and accommodate for the same. There will be multiple processes that will be applied in the business and each and every aspect of the process application will need to be evaluated. Evaluation of processes will help accommodate for changes incorporated such that success of changes can be measured. The business process will integrate key process indicators (KPI) scores for reflecting on success of the various changes that is accommodated(Gharajedaghi, 2011). Each and every process as staff training, application of new technology, client acquisition, sales, services and other factors will have set indicators against which performance of each and every dimensions will be measured. Achievements of KPI scores will be evaluated in a periodic manner with a gap of 6 months period and thereafter a period of a year. Such targets will help meet expectations of the business and overcome the challenges that are faced previously. Recommendations Analyzing the above framework and diagnosing the pertinent challenges that are faced by the business it can easily be understood that business architecture can benefit the business a lot. The following recommendations can enable the Company overcome its current crisis situation and gain back business effectiveness such that it can reinsure profitability and professionalism in its current scopes. The current organization needs to delegate responsibilities appropriately and while adopting business architecture has to form a strategizing framework. While the lines of authority within the business still remain delusional, such needs to be reframed to allow for better strategic integration. There needs to be application of strategy brought about by business strategic and structural framework that can provide the business with value addition. While the business aims to make profits, such terms and concepts needs to be figured rather than conceptualizing. Sales figures which are prominent for the organization needs to be ascertained for generating greater amounts of revenues. Business process architecture needs to be followed diligently to allow for value integration with that of supplier and customers as well. Customer feedback needs to be taken by marketing team and not by research and development team to act on it. The organizations HR framework needs to be followed diligently such that functionalities can be performed accordingly. There are tremendous amount of clashes and irregularities in roles and responsibilities which needs to be sorted accordingly to allow for greater role performances. Overall business process framework will allow the company to adopt strategies and follow a methodical framework for the same. Reference Lists Al-Debei, M. M. 2010. Developing a unified framework of the business model concept. European Journal of Information Systems, 359-376. Amit, R. . 2015. Crafting business architecture: The antecedents of business model design. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 331-350. Becker, J. K. 2013. Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Caetano, A. S. 2009. A role-based enterprise architecture framework. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing. ACM., 253-258. Choi, Y. K. 2008. An enterprise architecture framework for collaboration of virtual enterprise chains. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1065-1078. Gharajedaghi, J. 2011. Systems thinking: Managing chaos and complexity: A platform for designing business architecture. . Elsevier. Jeston, J. . 2014. Business process management. Routledge. Jung, J. C. 2007. An integration architecture for knowledge management systems and business process management systems. Computers in industry, 21-34. Ko, R. K. 2009. Business process management (BPM) standards: a survey. Business Process Management Journal, 744-791. Kurpjuweit, S. . 2009. Concern-oriented business architecture engineering. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing. ACM., 265-272. Muller, G. 2008. A reference architecture primer. . Eindhoven Univ. of Techn., Eindhoven, White paper. Myrick, C. B. 2007. U.S. Patent No. 7,162,427. . Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Nayak, N. L. 2007. Core business architecture for a service-oriented enterprise. IBM Systems Journal, 723-742. Pulkkinen, M. N. 2007. Managing information security in a business network of machinery maintenance services businessEnterprise architecture as a coordination tool. Journal of Systems and Software, 1607-1620. Ren, G. J. 2012. Identifying information assets for open data: The role of business architecture and information quality. In Commerce and Enterprise Computing (CEC). 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on. IEEE., 94-100. Schelp, J. . 2007. A balanced scorecard approach to measure the value of enterprise architecture. Simon, D. F. 2014. Enterprise architecture management and its role in corporate strategic management. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 5-42. Smart, P. A. 2009. Understanding business process management: implications for theory and practice. British Journal of Management, 491-507. Smolander, K. . 2008. Conflicts, compromises, and political decisions: methodological challenges of enterprise-wide e-business architecture creation. Journal of Database Management, 19. Trkman, P. 2010. The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, 125-134. Van Der Aalst, W. M. 2007. An SOA-based architecture framework. International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management, 91-101. Vom Brocke, J. . 2010. Handbook on business process management. Heidelberg: Springer. Wang, X. Z. 2008. A method of business and IT alignment based on enterprise architecture. In Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2008. IEEE/SOLI 2008. IEEE International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 740-745). IEEE., 740-745. Weske, M. 2012. Business process management architectures. In Business Process Management (pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.